In billiard games, pool balls are used. These balls can be made from many materials but most often are made of phenolic. Phenolic is a mixture between formaldehyde, phenol. These two compounds are well-known for their durability, scratch resistance, and strength. The mixture is also extremely resistant to high temperatures. When exposed to the sun, the resin will begin to fade and yellow.
The first type of pool balls were made of wood. These balls were tough, but they crack with age. Leo Baekeland, a 19th-century chemist, created a new plastic material that wasn't flammable. This new material was quickly called bakelite. It soon replaced wood for the manufacture of pool balls.
The creation of pool balls was an expensive process. It took a long time to develop the balls. A person could cut a ball in half to get a better idea of what was inside. The balls had to be moulded under high pressures.
After the initial version of bakelite was invented, other inventors began to experiment with chemical compounds to make pool balls. These inventions were pioneering moments for the synthetic plastics industry.
While phenolic is a great choice for pool balls it comes at a higher price than its polyester equivalent. The polyester alternative is the best choice for those who don't want pool balls that cost a lot. However, the polyester option is not as durable as phenolic.
It takes approximately 23 days to make a phenolic ball. Each step is carefully checked to ensure that the process is free of impurities. Also, phenolic resin balls can store in lower temperatures than polyester balls. Consequently, they are also more durable and last for longer periods of time.
Aramith is one of the largest manufacturers of phenolic resin pool balls. The balls made from phenolic resin are durable and will retain their shine for up 40 years. They are also cheaper than polyester balls. If you are looking for a higher-quality set of balls, the Aramith Premier includes superior resin technology.
Another pool ball manufacturer is Iszy, which uses a combination of both phenolic and polyester resin. These pool balls cost less than phenolic ones, but don't retain their shine as well. Polyester balls can also fade faster and leave burn marks on the table. However, they are still a great option for beginners.
Predator Arcos is another manufacturer that uses a proprietary chemical to make phenolic resin balls. These balls can also be through-hardened which makes them more dense. For those who want to spend less, they can choose the Iszy marble swirl set.
Many companies are trying to replicate the ivory-billiard ball experience. The ivory material is no more available. Modern pool balls are made of phenolic and formaldehyde. The market currently has 85% phenolic pool balls.